首页 游戏引擎 unity unity基础


如上图为状态机的例子
而在我们自己做的项目中，可以通过创建以下文件来实现状态机管理效果

  1. player
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    using System.Collections;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using UnityEngine;
    using UnityEngine.UI;

    public class Player : MonoBehaviour
    {
        [Header("Attack details")]
        public Vector2[] attackMovement;

        public bool isBusy {  get; private set; }

        [Header("Move info")]
        public float moveSpeed = 12f;
        public float jumpForce;

        [Header("Dash info")]
        public float DashSpeed;
        public float DashDuration;
        public float dashDir {  get; private set; }
        [SerializeField] private float dashCoolDown;
        private float dashUsageTimer;

        #region Collision
        [Header("Collision info")]
        [SerializeField] private Transform groundCheck;
        [SerializeField] private float groundCheckDistance;
        [SerializeField] private Transform wallChcek;
        [SerializeField] private float wallCheckDistance;
        [SerializeField] private LayerMask whatIsGround;
        #endregion

        #region Components
        public Animator animator { get; private set; }
        #endregion

        #region States
        public PlayerStateMachine StateMachine {  get; private set; }

        public  PlayerIdleState StateIdle { get; private set; }

        public PlayerMoveState MoveState { get; private set; }

        public PlayerJumpState JumpState { get; private set; }

        public PlayerAirState AirState { get; private set; }

        public PlayerDashState DashState { get; private set; }

        public PlayerWallSlideState WallSlide {  get; private set; }

        public PlayerWallJumpState WallJumpState { get; private set; }

        public PlayerPrimaryAttackState PrimaryAttack { get; private set; }

        #endregion

        public int facingDir { get; private set; } = 1;
        private bool facingRight = true;




        public Rigidbody2D rb { get; private set; }
        private void Awake()
        {
            StateMachine = new PlayerStateMachine();

            StateIdle = new PlayerIdleState(this,StateMachine,"Idle");
            MoveState = new PlayerMoveState(this, StateMachine, "Move");

            JumpState = new PlayerJumpState(this, StateMachine, "Jump");
            AirState = new PlayerAirState(this, StateMachine, "Jump");
            DashState = new PlayerDashState(this, StateMachine, "Dash");
            WallSlide = new PlayerWallSlideState(this, StateMachine, "WallSlide");
            WallJumpState = new PlayerWallJumpState(this, StateMachine, "Jump");
            PrimaryAttack = new PlayerPrimaryAttackState(this, StateMachine, "Attack");


        }

        public void Start()
        {
            animator = GetComponentInChildren<Animator>();

            StateMachine.Initialize(StateIdle);

            rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>();

        }

        public void Update()
        {
            StateMachine.currentState.Update();
            CheckForDashInput();
        }

        public IEnumerator BusyFor(float _seconds)
        {
            isBusy = true;
            yield return new WaitForSeconds(_seconds);
            isBusy = false;
        }

        

        public void CheckForDashInput()
        {
            if (IsWallDetected())
                return;
            dashUsageTimer -= Time.deltaTime;
            if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.LeftShift) && dashUsageTimer < 0)
            {
                dashUsageTimer = dashCoolDown;
                dashDir = Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal");

                if(dashDir == 0)
                {
                    dashDir = facingDir;
                }
                StateMachine.ChangeState(DashState);
            }
        }
        #region Collision
        public bool IsGroundDetected() => Physics2D.Raycast(groundCheck.position, Vector2.down, groundCheckDistance, whatIsGround);

        public bool IsWallDetected() => Physics2D.Raycast(wallChcek.position, Vector2.right * facingDir, wallCheckDistance, whatIsGround);
        #endregion
        #region Velocity
        public void SetVelocity(float _xVelocity, float _yVelocity)
        {
            rb.velocity = new Vector2(_xVelocity, _yVelocity);
            FlipController(_xVelocity);
        }
        public void ZeroVelocity() => rb.velocity = new Vector2(0, 0);
        #endregion

        #region Flip
        public void Flip()
        {
            facingDir *= -1;
            facingRight = !facingRight;
            transform.Rotate(0, 180, 0);
        }

        public void FlipController(float _x)
        {
            if (_x>0 && !facingRight)
            {
                Flip();
            }
            else if(_x<0 && facingRight)
            {
                Flip();
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region Trigger
        public void AnimationTrigger () => StateMachine.currentState.AnimationFinishTrigger();
        #endregion 
    }


    Player 为玩家类，创建各种状态实体并管理
  2. PlayerState
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    using System.Collections;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using UnityEngine;

    public class PlayerState
    {
        protected PlayerStateMachine stateMachine;
        protected Player player;
        protected Rigidbody2D rb;
        public float xInput;
        public float yInput;
        private string animBoolName;
        protected float stateTimer;
        protected bool triggerCalled;
        public PlayerState(Player _player,PlayerStateMachine _stateMachine, string _animBoolName)
        {
            this.player = _player;
            this.stateMachine = _stateMachine; 
            this.animBoolName = _animBoolName;
        }

        public virtual void Enter()
        {
            player.animator.SetBool(animBoolName,true);
            rb = player.rb;
            triggerCalled = false;
        }

        public virtual void Update()
        {
            stateTimer  -= Time.deltaTime;
            xInput = Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal");
            yInput = Input.GetAxisRaw("Vertical");
            if (player != null && player.animator != null && rb != null)
                player.animator.SetFloat("yVelocity", rb.velocity.y);
        }

        public virtual void Exit() {
            player.animator.SetBool(animBoolName,false);

        }


        public virtual void AnimationFinishTrigger()
        {
            triggerCalled = true;
        }
    }


    如上代码，所有的类都分为 Enter、Update、Exit 三个阶段，而后续所有的类都继承自 PlayerState 类，所以所有状态都基于这三个过程进行。

3. 示例：playerIdleState

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using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
//using UnityEngine.Playables;

public class PlayerIdleState : PlayerGroundedState
{
    public PlayerIdleState(Player _player, PlayerStateMachine _playerStateMachine, string _animBoolName) : base(_player, _playerStateMachine,_animBoolName)
    {

    }

    public override void Enter()
    {
        base.Enter();
        //rb.velocity = new Vector2(0, 0);
        player.ZeroVelocity();

    }

    public override void Exit()
    {
        base.Exit();
    }

    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();
        if (xInput == player.facingDir && player.IsWallDetected())
            return;
        if (xInput != 0 && !player.isBusy)//不让玩家在攻击间移动
            stateMachine.ChangeState(player.MoveState);
    }
}


所有的继承类都具有 PlayerState 的构造函数和三个过程，基于这三个过程对玩家进行操作。